Meningioma – A Benign Tumour Of The Brain

Understanding Meningioma

Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the meninges, the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. The term “meningioma” was coined by Harvey Cushing, an American neurosurgeon regarded as the father of modern neurological surgery. Although meningiomas typically grow within the brain, they can also occur in the spinal cord.

Usually benign and slow-growing, meningiomas often remain asymptomatic. However, a small percentage of these tumors can be cancerous, growing rapidly and leading to severe neurological symptoms. These malignant meningiomas can infiltrate the brain, skull, and surrounding tissues.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing meningiomas:

– Genetic Disorder: Neurofibromatosis type 2 is a significant risk factor.

– Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to radiation can lead to the development of these tumors.

– Traumatic Skull Fractures: Injuries that scar the meninges can contribute to tumor formation.

– Hormonal Influence: Women are twice as likely to develop meningiomas due to the effects of the hormone progesterone.

– Age: The common age group affected by these tumors ranges from 35 to 70 years. Meningiomas are quite uncommon in children.

Symptoms and Signs

Symptoms of meningiomas develop gradually due to their slow growth. Common symptoms include:

– Seizures (Epilepsy): Some patients experience seizures for the first time in their lives due to the presence of a meningioma.

– Intense Headache: Often accompanied by vomiting.

– Blurring of Vision: Along with defective eyesight.

– Speech Problems: Difficulty in articulating words or sentences.

– Weakness or Numbness: Affecting the limbs.

– Difficulty in Walking (Ataxia): Problems with balance and coordination.

– Loss of Smell or Hearing: Additional symptoms that may accompany a headache due to raised intracranial pressure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of meningiomas is typically achieved through imaging studies:

– MRI or CT Scan: These imaging techniques with contrast will reveal the presence of a meningioma, its location, and its relationship to vital structures like blood vessels and cranial nerves.

– MR Angiogram: This helps neurosurgeons assess the vascularity of the tumor, allowing them to plan the best strategy for its removal.

Treatment

The treatment approach for meningiomas depends on the size, location, and symptoms of the tumor:

– Surgical Excision: The primary treatment for symptomatic meningiomas is craniotomy and surgical removal of the tumor. This procedure is aided by a microscope and may involve the use of neurosurgical endoscopes and ultrasonic surgical aspirators (SONOCA).

– Radiation Therapy: In cases where the tumor capsule adheres to complex nerve structures and blood vessels, parts of the tumor may be left behind and later treated with radiation therapy. Modalities include X knife, Gamma knife, and Cyber knife, which help shrink the residual tumor and prevent regrowth.

– Observation: Very small tumors, especially in older patients, may be monitored through regular scans. If these tumors show signs of growth, surgery can then be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for meningiomas is generally good, given their benign nature. However, a small percentage of these tumors may turn out to be cancerous or precancerous. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a positive outcome.

Why Choose Hannah Joseph Hospital?

At Hannah Joseph Hospital, we provide comprehensive care for patients with meningiomas. Our team of expert neurosurgeons, radiologists, and oncologists collaborate to offer the most effective treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs. We utilize the latest diagnostic and surgical technologies to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Our Commitment to Excellence

Hannah Joseph Hospital is dedicated to delivering exceptional care with compassion and precision. We understand the challenges faced by patients with brain tumors and are committed to supporting you every step of the way.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of meningioma or other neurological conditions, contact Hannah Joseph Hospital today. Our team is here to provide expert guidance and treatment to improve your quality of life.