Craniovertebral (CV) junction anomaly is a congenital or acquired abnormality that involves the occipital bone of the cranium, the foramen magnum (where the brainstem continues as the spinal cord), and the first two cervical vertebrae. These disorders develop due to fusion of any of these structures, underdevelopment, or misalignment of the bony components. They can cause compression of the lower part of the brainstem, the cranial nerves, and the uppermost part of the spinal cord in the neck region. This compression can eventually lead to paralysis of the limbs, numbness, difficulty in walking, and bladder incontinence.

At Hannah Joseph Hospital, we specialize in diagnosing and treating CV junction anomalies with the latest medical advancements and a compassionate approach. Our experienced team of neurosurgeons is dedicated to providing the highest standard of care.

Classification

The main types of CV junction anomalies include:

1. Atlantoaxial Dislocation/Subluxation (AAD)
2. Basilar Invagination (BI)
3. Platybasia
4. Klippel-Feil Anomaly
5. Chiari Malformations

Some acquired diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Paget’s disease, and bone tumors such as chordomas can also lead to craniovertebral junction abnormalities. Injuries can result in traumatic Atlantoaxial or Atlanto-occipital dislocation.

Symptoms and Signs

Neck pain with headache, sometimes spreading to the arms, is one of the common features of this disease. This pain can progress depending on the grade of compression of the spinal cord and nerves. Other symptoms include:

1. Weakness of the upper and lower limbs
2. Difficulty in sensing touch, pain, and temperature
3. Inability to walk steadily
4. Bowel and bladder dysfunction

Some patients have neck deformities (torticollis) with limited neck movement. Those with compression of the brainstem, cranial nerves, or syringomyelia (bulbia) may experience difficulty swallowing, nasal regurgitation, and hoarseness of voice. Other possible symptoms include giddiness, ‘drop attacks,’ and visual disturbances.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

MRI and CT Scan: These are essential for diagnosing craniovertebral junction anomalies. MRI provides detailed images of the brain and spinal cord, while CT scans help visualize the bone structures.

MR-Angiogram (MR-A): This imaging technique shows the blood vessels and helps in planning surgery.

Dynamic CSF Flow Studies: These studies are useful in symptomatic cases to assess cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Dynamic X-Rays: These are helpful in understanding the movement and stability of the CV junction.

At Hannah Joseph Hospital, we use state-of-the-art imaging technologies to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

Treatment

Patients with neurological deficits or deformities undergo decompressive surgeries and stabilization with titanium implants. Post-surgery, immobilization with a cervical collar is recommended for three months. Early and prompt identification of the anomaly and adequate treatment offer an excellent prognosis.

Our surgical team at Hannah Joseph Hospital employs advanced techniques and equipment, such as high magnification microscopes and ultrasonic surgical aspirators (CUSA or SONOCA), to ensure precision and safety during surgery. We also use intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring to minimize the risk of complications.

Comprehensive Care at Hannah Joseph Hospital

At Hannah Joseph Hospital, we provide comprehensive care for patients with CV junction anomalies. Our multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons, radiologists, and rehabilitation specialists works together to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients.

Why Choose Hannah Joseph Hospital?

1.  Expertise: Our neurosurgeons are highly skilled and experienced in treating CV junction anomalies using the latest techniques and technologies.
2. Comprehensive Care: From diagnosis to post-operative care, we offer a holistic approach to treatment.
3. State-of-the-Art Equipment: We use advanced diagnostic tools and surgical equipment to ensure precision and safety in all procedures.
4. Patient-Centered Approach: We prioritize our patients’ comfort and well-being, providing personalized care tailored to their unique needs.

Trust Hannah Joseph Hospital for Expert Neurosurgical Care

When facing a diagnosis of craniovertebral junction anomaly, trust Hannah Joseph Hospital for expert, compassionate care. Our dedicated team is here to guide you through every step of the journey, from accurate diagnosis to advanced treatment options. With our state-of-the-art facilities and patient-centered approach, we are committed to achieving the best outcomes for our patients.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of a CV junction anomaly, contact Hannah Joseph Hospital today. Let us help you navigate your healthcare journey with confidence and care. Your health is our priority.